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1.
Medwave ; 20(1): e7767, 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087871

ABSTRACT

Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa, a rare manifestation of Kaposi's sarcoma, is a progressive cutaneous hypertrophy caused by chronic non-filarial lymphedema secondary to obstruction of the lymphatic system that can lead to severe disfigurement of parts of the body that have gravity-dependent blood flow, due to edema, fibrosis, and hyperkeratosis, especially lower extremities. Among the various conditions that can induce chronic lymphedema are tumors, trauma, radiotherapy, obesity, hypothyroidism, chronic venous stasis, and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma is a vascular tumor associated with the presence of human gammaherpesvirus 8 that is predominantly cutaneous, locally aggressive, with metastasis, and is associated with the production of factors that favor inflammation, lymphatic obstruction, and lymphedema.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications , Elephantiasis/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy , Didanosine/therapeutic use , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Lamivudine/therapeutic use , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Cyclopropanes , Benzoxazines/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Elephantiasis/etiology , Elephantiasis/pathology , Alkynes
2.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 37(1): 87-90, ene.-mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991230

ABSTRACT

El compromiso hepático es usualmente visto en pacientes con infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), sobretodo en pacientes coinfectados con el virus de la hepatitis B o C, con el abuso de alcohol, etc. Sin embargo, existe un grupo de pacientes que desarrolla compromiso hepático e hipertensión portal de causa no específica. La hipertensión portal no cirrótica (HPNC) es un desorden hepático descrito recientemente, potencialmente grave, que ha sido reportado en pacientes infectados por el VIH con terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA), específicamente didanosina (DDI). La fisiopatología involucra al agente infeccioso (VIH) y a su tratamiento (TARGA), pues ambas generan una venulopatía prehepática portal. Además, la infección por el VIH genera un estado protrombótico por deficiencia de proteína S conllevando a la obliteración de pequeñas vénulas hepáticas. Se ha postulado a la didanosina como un cofactor en la patogénesis del HPNC. Todo ello conlleva a que en muchas de las biopsias hepáticas se evidencie una hiperplasia nodular regenerativa. Se reporta el caso de una paciente con infección del VIH y en tratamiento con DDI de larga data que debuta con hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) y ascitis como consecuencia de la HPNC, cuyo diagnóstico fue corroborado por biopsia. No existe reporte de casos del tema en nuestro país


Liver involvement is usually seen in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in patients coinfected with hepatitis B or C, in alcohol abuse, etc. However, there is a group of patients who develop liver involvement and portal hypertension of unspecified cause. Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is a liver disorder recently described, but potentially serious. It has been reported in HIV-infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), specifically didanosine (DDI). The pathophysiology involves the infectious agent (HIV) and its treatment (HAART), since both generate a pre-hepatic portal venulopathy. Similarly, HIV infection produces a prothrombotic state by protein S deficiency leading to the obliteration of small hepatic venules. It has been postulated that DDI as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of NCPH. All this leads that many of the liver biopsies show nodular regenerative hyperplasia. We present the case of a HIV-infected patient who was treated with a longstanding DDI. She developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) and ascites due to NCPH, whose diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy. However, there is no similar study in our country


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Didanosine/adverse effects , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Hypertension, Portal/chemically induced , HIV Infections/complications , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Hypertension, Portal/diagnosis , Hypertension, Portal/virology
3.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 59(2): 116-122, 04/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746470

ABSTRACT

Objective This study aims to estimate the prevalence of thyroid diseases and anti-TPO status. We searched for an association among presence of immune reconstitution and use of stavudine, didanosine and protease inhibitors with thyroid diseases. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was performed to analyze the records of 117 HIV-infected patients who had their CD4+ cell count, viral load, anti-TPO, TSH and free T4 levels collected on the same day. Immune reconstitution was considered in those whose T CD4+ count was below 200 cells/mm3, but these values increased above 200 cells/mm3 after the use of antiretrovirals. The odds ratio obtained by a 2x2 contingency table and a chi-square test were used to measure the association between categorical variables. Results The prevalence of thyroid disease was 34.18%; of these, 4.34% were positive for anti-TPO. There was an association of risk between stavudine use and subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.29 to 13.59, X2 = 6.37, p = 0.01). Immune reconstitution achieved protection associated with thyroid disease that was near statistical significance OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.04, X2 = 3.55, p = 0.059. Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid disease in the sample studied was higher than what had been found in the literature, with a low positive anti-TPO frequency. The historical use of stavudine has an association of risk for the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism, and immune reconstitution has trends towards protection for the presence of thyroid diseases. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Autoantibodies/isolation & purification , Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Iodide Peroxidase/immunology , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Stavudine/therapeutic use , Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Asymptomatic Diseases/epidemiology , Asymptomatic Diseases/therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Hypothyroidism/immunology , Prevalence , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Stavudine/adverse effects , Thyroid Diseases/drug therapy
4.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-39548

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHQ in a combination treatment with ZDV/ddI in HIV-1-infected children. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fifty five HIV-infected children were randomly enrolled into 3 treatment groups: (I) ZDV + ddI (n = 25); and (II) ZDV + ddI + CHQ (n = 21); and (III) ZDV + ddI experienced children were non-randomly added CHQ (n = 9). Weight, CD4+ T-lymphocytes and plasma HIV-RNA were measured at weeks 0, 8 and 24. RESULTS: Fifteen, 16 and 8 children from Groups I, II and III were evaluated. No significant improvement in the mean Z-score for weight in groups I and II, but a decrease occurred in group III after 6 months of therapy. In group I, II and III, the respective change in the mean CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage was +6.7, +4.0 and -0.6. The decrease in the plasma HIV-RNA log was 0.9, 1.1 and 0.7, respectively. There was a trend for more nausea/vomiting in group II/III and more opportunistic infections in group III. CONCLUSION: 1. The addition of chloroquine in ZDV/ddI regimen provided no significant improvement in clinical, immunological and virological parameters. 2. Chloroquine induced immunosuppression and nausea complicated its use.


Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Chloroquine/therapeutic use , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV-1/drug effects , Humans , Male , Zidovudine/therapeutic use
5.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol ; 2002 Jun; 20(2): 105-11
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-37027

ABSTRACT

A total of 72 HIV-1 infected Thai patients treated with didanosine (ddI) or stavudine (d4T) plus ddI at the time of interim analysis were analyzed. Sixty patients (83%) carried subtype E documented by HIV-1 V3 serotyping. HIV-1 RNA levels were measured using three commercial viral load assays. At baseline (n = 57), Quantiplex 2.0 and NucliSens 2.0 showed mean log10 HIV-1 RNA of 0.7 log10 or 5 fold lower than Amplicor 1.5 (mean 4.29 versus 5.0 log10, respectively, p < 0.001). At week 20 of treatment (n = 29), HIV-1 RNA levels were detected in 55.2%, 31%, and 33.5% of subjects tested by Amplicor 1.5, Quantiplex 2.0, and NucliSens 2.0, respectively. In conclusion: plasma HIV-1 RNA analyses showed comparable values with Quantiplex 2.0 and NucliSens 2.0 assays. In contrast, Amplicor 1.5 resulted in approximately 5 folds higher HIV-1 RNA levels and a 25% higher rate of detection of plasma HIV-1 RNA as compared to the other two assays. As the current goal of therapy is to suppress plasma viral load below the detection limit of the assays, the significant differences between the assays may influence antiretroviral efficacy evaluation and management.


Subject(s)
Adult , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Branched DNA Signal Amplification Assay , Cohort Studies , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Female , HIV Envelope Protein gp120/blood , HIV Infections/blood , HIV-1/classification , Humans , Male , Peptide Fragments/blood , Prospective Studies , RNA, Viral/blood , Self-Sustained Sequence Replication , Serotyping , Stavudine/therapeutic use , Thailand , Treatment Outcome
6.
Niterói; s.n; 2002. 106 p. graf, ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-682605

ABSTRACT

O anti-retroviral análogo de nucleosídeo 2',3' - didesoxiinosina (ddl) tem uma ampla utilização clínica no tratamento de pacientes com AIDS iu HIV positivos. Apesar da toxicidade reduzida, alguns problemas tem sido levantados com a utilização da ddl em tratamento a longo prazo. Vários estudo clínicos tem associado a pancreatite com a terapia prolongada de ddl em pacientes infectados com o HIV...Nenhum tratamento com ddl modificou a amilase sérica determinada na época do sacrifício dos animais. Nos ratos tratados com ddl, 600 mg kg -1 dia -1, por mais de 28 dias foi observada uma marcada hipoglicemia (i.p. = 34,7 +- 7,4 mgdL-1 p,,0,05, s.c.= 45,0 +- 7,5 mg dL -1, p,,0,05). Conclui-se que a ddl induz um efeito tóxico direto dose e tempo dependente nos tecidos pancreático e linfóide de rato. Os resultados suportam o envolvimento da ddl na pancreatite relatada em pacientes com AIDS tratados com ddl e são compatíveis com a hipótese de que esse anti-retroviral pode afetar a resposta imune humoral. No conjunto, este estudo indica que a toxicidade potencial do tratamento crônico com ddl deve ser mais profundamente examinada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Anti-Retroviral Agents , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Dideoxyadenosine/toxicity , Lymph Nodes , Pancreas , Pancreatitis , Rats, Wistar , Thymus Gland
7.
Infectol. microbiol. clin ; 12(2): 42-57, jun. 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-288107

ABSTRACT

Los inhibidores no nucleósidos de la transcriptasa inversa (INTI) son drogas potentes para el tratamiento de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV). Los compuestos aprobados por la FDA hasta la fecha son Nevirapina (NVP), Delavirdina (DLV) y Efavirenz (EFV). Múltiples estudios demostraron la eficacia de estas drogas para reducir la carga viral (CV) y aumentar el recuento de linfocito CD4+(RCD4), pero ninguno demostró todavía beneficio clínico. Las principales ventajas de su uso son la simple posología y buena tolerancia. Los efectos adversos más importante son el rash, de características e intensidad variables y las alteraciones neurológicas producidas por EFV. Algunas limitaciones que presentan son la interacción farmacológicas con las rifamicinas (que limitan las opciones para las pacientes coinfectados con Mycobacterium Tuberculosis) y el rápido desarrollo de resistencia por parte del HIV a todas las drogas del grupo. La indicación del tratamiento antirretroviral a un paciente infectado con el virus de la inmunodeficiencias humana (HIV) es un momento único y complejo para el paciente y para el médico. El primero pone su esperanza en el tratamiento, mientras que el médico, debe evaluar muchos aspectos además de la efectividad potencial del esquema a indicar. En la práctica médica diaria, el paciente juega un rol fundamental en la elección del esquema farmacológico pues introduce un elemento no siempre considerado por el médico: es él quien tendrá que tomar los fármacos, quien se beneficiará de los resultados biológicos pero también quien deberá afrontar los efectos adversos (EA). Teniendo en cuenta lo anteriormente dicho, los INNTI debieran ser consideradas como tratamiento de primera linea para los pacientes infectados con HIV


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Tuberculosis/complications , Delavirdine/pharmacology , Delavirdine/therapeutic use , Didanosine/administration & dosage , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Lamivudine/therapeutic use , Nevirapine/pharmacology , Nevirapine/therapeutic use , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Zidovudine/administration & dosage , Zidovudine/therapeutic use
8.
Rev. invest. clín ; 50(4): 335-9, jul.-ago. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-234145

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Conocer la eficacia en marcadores subrogados así como la tolerabilidad de la combinación AZT/ddl en pacientes tratados previamente con AZT como monoterapia por un mínimo de seis meses. Métodos. Se estudió una cohorte de 269 pacientes VIH positivos, asintomáticos que habían recibido AZT por un mínimo de seis meses y con cuenta de linfocitos T-CD4+ entre 200 y 500 cels/µl. Recibieron AZT 500 mg/d y ddl 400 mg/d. Como eventos finales se usaron la progresión a SIDA, la muerte o la toxicidad severa. Resultados. El tiempo promedio de tratamiento previo con AZT fue de 20 meses. Al inicio de la terapia combinada, la mediana de linfocitos T-CD4+ fue de 339 células/µL, observándose un incremento al tercer mes de 451 células/µL, y una disminución progresiva a los 6, 12 y 18 meses de seguimiento (medianas de 392, 360, 307 células/µL respectivamente). Cinco pacientes progresaron a sida; seis desarrollaron toxicidad importante (mielosupresión, hepatitis o pancreatitis) y 26 tuvieron efectos secundarios menores necesitando reducción de la dosis. Conclusiones. La introducción de trapia combinada AZT + ddl en pacientes con monoterapia prolongada con AZT puede ser útil. La cuenta de células T-CD4+ mostró un incremento significativo a los tres meses de terapia combinada y una disminución gradual subsecuente. Los efectos adversos a la combinación fueron frecuentes, pero no ameritaron suspender el tratamiento en la mayoría de los pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Cohort Studies , Didanosine/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/immunology , Prospective Studies , Zidovudine/therapeutic use
9.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 10(1): 3-4, jan.-fev. 1998.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-224858

ABSTRACT

O AZT como droga anticâncer foi usado uma década mais tarde como antiviral, sendo capaz de inibir a multiplicaçao do vírus da leucemia Friend. Em 1985, descobriu-se que causava inibiçao da infectividade e dos efeitos citopáticos do HIV 1. Em 1987, o FDA aprovou o AZT como a substância mais ativa e facilmente disponível entre os anti-retrovirais, que, no entanto, tinha atividade limitada e toxicidade importante, como anemia, neutropenia, cefaléia e náuseas, além do aparecimento de resistência em período de nove meses. A partir de 1995 surge a combinaçao ("coquetel") no tratamento da AIDS. Problemas como a resistência passaram a ser contornados com a combinaçao de anti-retrovirais, que chegam a reduzir a carga viral em até mil vezes, podendo ocorrer o desaparecimento completo do HIV na circulaçao. O AZT transformou uma doença aguda mortal em tratável crônica e mostrou a possibilidade de se alcançar o controle medicamentoso de doenças virais. "AIDS mata" foi substituído por "AIDS mata" foi substituído por "AIDS tem tratamento".


Subject(s)
Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Zidovudine/therapeutic use , Antigens, CD/therapeutic use , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Karnofsky Performance Status , Lamivudine/therapeutic use
13.
Brasília; Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Programa Nacional de DST/AIDS; 1996. 8 p. tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-189410

ABSTRACT

Revisäo das recomendaçöes para terapia antiretroviral publicadas pelo Ministério da Saúde em 1994. Estas recomendaçöes baseavam-se no tratamento inaugural com zidovudina (AZT), e admitiam terapia combinada [AZT + didanosina (ddl), ou AZT + zalcitabina (ddC)] diante da falha da monoterapia inicial.


Subject(s)
National Health Programs , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Brazil , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Retroviridae Infections/drug therapy , Zalcitabine/therapeutic use , Zidovudine/therapeutic use
14.
In. Machado, Luís dos ramos; Livramento, José Antonio; Netto, Antonio Spina-França; Nóbrega, José Paulo Smith. Neuroinfecçäo 96. Säo Paulo, Clínica Neurológica HC/FMUSP, 1996. p.123-133, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-179847
16.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 10(2): 125-30, set. 1994. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-203523

ABSTRACT

Aunque no hay tratamiento curativo para la infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), los antirretrovirales son efectivos en cuanto a mejorar la calidad de vida, disminuyendo la frecuencia de infecciones oportunistas. Hay total acuerdo en indicarlos a aquellos pacientes en estadío SIDA, o severamente inmunodeprimidos. Se aconseja también su administración temprana cuando la población de linfocitos T4 está en <= 500 elementos/mm3, aunque los distintos grupos de estudio polemizan entre darlos a todos los infectados que alcancen ese nivel de linfocitos, independientemente de que sean sintomáticos o no, o esperar a que además tengan algún síntoma indicativo de la progresión al SIDA. Zidovudina continúa siendo la medicación de primera línea, reservándose zalcitabina y didanosina para cuando se manifiesten efectos de intolerancia, toxicidad o fracaso ante la primera


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Zidovudine , Zidovudine/therapeutic use , Didanosine/therapeutic use , Zalcitabine/therapeutic use
17.
J. bras. med ; 66(3): 85, 89-90, 93-4, passim, mar. 1994. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-172200

ABSTRACT

A infecçao pelo HIV rapidamente ganhou importância no meio médico. Entretanto, ainda há desinformaçao sobre as manifestaçoes clínicas e a classificaçao dos pacientes. Os autores abordam os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos, com a nova classificaçao proposta pelo Center for Disease Control (CDC), em 1992, para o melhor manuseio da infecçao pelo HIV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Pregnancy , Middle Aged , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , HIV Infections , Didanosine/therapeutic use , HIV-1/pathogenicity , HIV-2/pathogenicity , HIV Infections/classification , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/etiology , HIV Infections/therapy , Zalcitabine/therapeutic use , Zidovudine/therapeutic use
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